Dans sa dernière publication en date du 27 mars 2023, le président du Conseil Gabonais du Patronat (CPG) Francis Jean Jacques Evouna émet des propositions pour sortir les petites et moyennes entreprises de même que les petites et moyennes industries de l’impasse dans lequel elles se trouveraient actuellement.
Il souhaite que la banque des Etats d’Afrique centrale s’inspire de celle de l’Afrique de l’ouest par la mise en place d’un Dispositif de Soutien au financement des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises/Petites et Moyennes Industries (PME/PMI) ou Dispositif PME dans la CEMAC ou la CEEAC.
A son l’analyse en effet, les difficultés de financement des PME semblent apparaître sur plusieurs formes. Il y a d’un coté l’environnement et de l’autre, celui lié à l’offre et à la demande. Ce ne sont pas des spécificités liées à CEMAC précise-t-il, mais communes aux économies en développement d’Afrique, d’Amérique latine et d’Asie. Ces difficultés devraient conduire les autorités à prendre des initiatives pays pour y apporter des réponses. Certaines banques centrales devraient par exemple pouvoir mettre en place des mécanismes de soutien au financement d’une catégorie d’entreprises et ce, dans le respect de leurs statuts.
Tirant les enseignements de la revue de littérature, de l’enquête à réaliser auprès du système bancaire de la sous-région ainsi que des concertations à organiser avec toutes les parties prenantes dans l’ensemble des pays, la BEAC devrait pouvoir élaborer un « Dispositif de soutien au financement des PME/PMI dans la CEMAC. » Ce mécanisme viserait à créer un écosystème favorable à la PME, notamment à son financement, à travers un meilleur accompagnement. L’objectif recherché est de promouvoir une masse critique de PME performantes, en vue d’augmenter la contribution de cette catégorie d’entreprises à la création de richesse et à la lutte contre le chômage.
« Quant aux établissements de crédit, ils financeront les PME, soit directement ou en relation avec les structures d’appui et d’encadrement de ces entreprises. Pour sa part, la BEAC agira sur les conditions d’offre de financement aux PME, en rendant plus attractifs les crédits bancaires à ces entreprises au moyen d’un refinancement approprié. L’implication du marché financier régional de la CEMAC dans le dispositif de soutien s’inscrira dans le cadre de la diversification des instruments de financement des PME. A cet égard, il faudra créer, un compartiment dédié aux PME au sein de la Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières (BVMAC) et des actions de promotion du capital-investissement doivent être prévues. » souligne-t-il.
En outre, la Banque Centrale doit engager d’autres initiatives pour accroître le financement des économies, notamment des PME. Il s’agit, entre autres, de la promotion de Bureaux d’Information sur le Crédit (BIC – ou Credit Bureau) et de la diversification des instruments financiers (crédit-bail, affacturage, finance islamique). L’ensemble de ces réformes devrait contribuer à améliorer significativement l’accès des PME au financement dans la CEMAC.
Brandy Mamboundou
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